Descripción general
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La enfermedad de Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT) pertenece al espectro de neuropatías motoras y sensoriales causadas por mutaciones en genes que codifican proteínas que codifican para mielina, uniones gap y estructuras axonales dentro de los nervios periféricos. Es la neuropatía hereditaria más prevalente. La asociación de diferentes mutaciones dentro del mismo gen y varios fenotipos clínicos es un hallazgo común y causa heterogeneidad clínica y genética. Se caracteriza por debilidad distal progresiva, atrofia muscular y pérdida sensorial. El patrón de herencia más común es el autosómico dominante, aunque también hay subtipos ligados al cromosoma X y autosómico recesivo. El objetivo más importante para los pacientes con CMT es mantener el movimiento, la fuerza muscular y la flexibilidad.
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El panel de precisión de Charcot Marie Tooth y neuropatías sensoriales de Igenomix se puede utilizar como una herramienta para un diagnóstico preciso y un diagnóstico diferencial de la debilidad muscular que, en última instancia, conduce a un mejor manejo y pronóstico de la enfermedad. Proporciona un análisis completo de los genes implicados en esta enfermedad utilizando secuenciación de próxima generación (NGS) para comprender completamente el espectro de genes relevantes implicados y su penetrancia alta o intermedia.
Indicaciones
- El panel de precisión de Charcot Marie Tooth y neuropatías sensoriales de Igenomix se utiliza para pacientes con sospecha clínica o diagnóstico que presenten o no los siguientes síntomas:
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Pérdida sensorial distal
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Pérdida y debilidad de los músculos distales
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Atrofia muscular
-
Retraso en el desarrollo motor
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Marcha paso a paso
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Lesiones de tobillo
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Deformidades del pie: pie cavo y pantorrillas delgadas
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Antecedentes familiares de CMT u otras neuropatías sensoriales
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Utilidad clínica
La utilidad clínica de este panel es:
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La confirmación genética y molecular para un diagnóstico clínico preciso de un paciente sintomático.
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Inicio precoz del tratamiento con la participación de un equipo multidisciplinario en forma de tratamiento quirúrgico de atención ortopédica para prevenir complicaciones, así como fisioterapia y rehabilitación.
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Evaluación de riesgo de familiares asintomáticos según modalidad hereditaria mediante asesoramiento genético.
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Mejora de la delimitación de la correlación genotipo-fenotipo dada la variabilidad de la gravedad y el curso de la enfermedad.
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Genes y enfermedades
GENE |
OMIM DISEASES |
INHERITANCE* |
% GENE COVERAGE (20X) |
HGMD** |
ABCC8 |
Permanent Neonatal |
AD,AR |
99.98 |
710 of 712 |
ACADM |
Medium Chain |
AR |
99.98 |
181 of 181 |
ACTA1 |
Congenital Myopathy |
AD,AR |
100 |
224 of 224 |
ADCY6 |
Lethal Congenital |
AR |
100 |
2 of 2 |
ADGRG6 |
Lethal Congenital |
AR |
99.91 |
NA of NA |
AGRN |
Congential Myasthenic |
AR |
99.71 |
18 of 18 |
AIMP1 |
Hypomyelinating |
AR |
100 |
10 of 10 |
AK9 |
Postsynaptic |
– |
98.37 |
4 of 4 |
ALG14 |
Congenital |
AR |
99.99 |
7 of 7 |
ALG2 |
Congenital Disorder |
AR |
99.61 |
7 of 7 |
ALG3 |
Congenital Disorder |
AR |
99.2 |
25 of 25 |
ASCC1 |
Spinal Muscular |
AR |
99.97 |
6 of 6 |
ATAD1 |
Hereditary |
AR |
99.97 |
3 of 3 |
AUTS2 |
Autosomal Dominant |
AD |
99.63 |
9 of 17 |
BICD2 |
Autosomal Dominant |
AD |
99.94 |
39 of 39 |
BIN1 |
Autosomal Recessive |
AR |
100 |
20 of 20 |
C12ORF65 |
Combined Oxidative |
AR |
na |
na |
CACNA1E |
Epileptic |
AD |
99.94 |
25 of 25 |
CASK |
Nonspherocytic Hemolytic |
X,XR,XD,G |
99.98 |
NA of NA |
CCDC47 |
Trichohepatoneu- |
AR |
99.94 |
5 of 5 |
CDK5 |
Lissencephaly With |
AR |
100 |
5 of 5 |
CEP55 |
Multinucleated Neurons, |
AR |
99.22 |
3 of 3 |
CFL2 |
Nemaline Myopathy |
AR |
99.98 |
9 of 9 |
CHAT |
Congenital Myasthenic |
AR |
100 |
49 of 49 |
CHMP1A |
Pontocerebellar |
AR |
100 |
4 of 4 |
CHRNA1 |
Multiple Pterygium |
AD,AR |
100 |
35 of 35 |
CHRNB1 |
Congential Myasthenic |
AD,AR |
95 |
9 of 9 |
CHRND |
Multiple Pterygium |
AD,AR |
100 |
31 of 31 |
CHRNE |
Familial Infantile |
AD,AR |
99.87 |
138 of 138 |
CHRNG |
Multiple Pterygium |
AR |
100 |
36 of 36 |
CHST14 |
Musculocontractural |
AR |
97.7 |
21 of 22 |
CHUK |
Cocoon |
AR |
100 |
5 of 5 |
CNTNAP1 |
Lethal Congenital |
AR |
99.97 |
25 of 25 |
COL13A1 |
Congenital Myasthenic |
AR |
99.97 |
16 of 16 |
COL6A2 |
Bethlem Myopathy |
AD,AR |
100 |
223 of 225 |
COLQ |
Endplate Acetylcholinesterase |
AR |
100 |
70 of 71 |
DHCR24 |
Desmosterolosis |
AR |
100 |
10 of 10 |
DOK7 |
Fetal Akinesia Deformation |
AR |
99.88 |
72 of 72 |
DPAGT1 |
Congenital Disorder Of |
AR |
100 |
41 of 41 |
DSE |
Musculocontractural |
AR |
99.94 |
3 of 3 |
ECEL1 |
Distal Arthrogryposis |
AR |
99.52 |
39 of 39 |
EGR2 |
Demyelinating Charcot- |
AD,AR |
100 |
23 of 23 |
ERBB3 |
Lethal Congenital |
AD,AR |
99.91 |
6 of 6 |
ERCC1 |
Cerebrooculofacioskeletal |
AR |
93.12 |
6 of 6 |
ERCC2 |
Cerebrooculofacioskeletal |
AR |
100 |
102 of 102 |
ERCC5 |
Cerebrooculofacioskeletal |
AR |
99.94 |
58 of 58 |
ERCC6 |
Cerebrooculofacioskeletal |
AD,AR |
99.98 |
127 of 128 |
ERGIC1 |
Neurogenic |
AR |
100 |
2 of 2 |
EXOSC3 |
Pontocerebellar |
AR |
100 |
19 of 20 |
FAM20C |
Lethal Osteosclerotic |
AR |
97.8 |
29 of 29 |
FBN2 |
Congenital Contractural |
AD |
100 |
115 of 115 |
FHL1 |
Reducing Body Myopathy, |
X,XR,XD,G |
99.98 |
NA of NA |
FIG4 |
Amyotrophic Lateral |
AD,AR |
99.92 |
72 of 72 |
FKBP10 |
Bruck Syndrome, |
AR |
100 |
51 of 51 |
FKTN |
Muscular Dystrophy- |
AR |
98 |
54 of 56 |
FLAD1 |
Lipid Storage Myopathy |
AR |
97.13 |
13 of 14 |
FLVCR2 |
Proliferative Vasculopathy |
AR |
99.97 |
16 of 16 |
GBA |
Gaucher Disease- |
AD,AR |
100 |
469 of 471 |
GBE1 |
Glycogen Storage |
AR |
99.95 |
71 of 74 |
GCK |
Permanent Neonatal |
AD,AR |
100 |
905 of 909 |
GFM2 |
Combined Oxidative |
AR |
99.35 |
5 of 7 |
GFPT1 |
Congenital Myasthenic |
AR |
100 |
57 of 57 |
GLDN |
Lethal Congenital |
AR |
98.46 |
13 of 13 |
GLE1 |
Congenital Arthrogryposis |
AR |
100 |
17 of 17 |
GLI3 |
Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly |
AD,AR |
100 |
231 of 231 |
GMPPB |
Muscular Dystrophy- |
AR |
99.95 |
53 of 53 |
HSPG2 |
Dyssegmental Dysplasia, |
AR |
99.41 |
68 of 69 |
HYMAI |
Paternal Uniparental |
AD |
na |
na |
IBA57 |
Multiple Mitochondrial |
AR |
93.35 |
25 of 27 |
INS |
Permanent Neonatal |
AD,AR |
100 |
78 of 84 |
ITGA6 |
Epidermolysis Bullosa |
AR |
100 |
10 of 10 |
ITGB4 |
Epidermolysis Bullosa |
AD,AR |
99.12 |
115 of 115 |
KAT6B |
Genitopatellar Syndrome, |
AD |
99.97 |
80 of 80 |
KBTBD13 |
Childhood-Onset |
AD |
99.66 |
15 of 15 |
KCNJ11 |
Permanent Neonatal |
AD,AR |
100 |
190 of 191 |
KIAA1109 |
Alkuraya-Kucinskas |
AR |
99.95 |
21 of 21 |
KIF14 |
Meckel Syndrome, |
AR |
99.84 |
18 of 18 |
KIF1A |
Autosomal Dominant |
AD,AR |
100 |
76 of 76 |
KIF5C |
Cortical Dysplasia, |
AD |
99.96 |
7 of 7 |
KLHL40 |
Severe Congenital |
AR |
99.98 |
26 of 26 |
KLHL41 |
Childhood-Onset |
AR |
99.92 |
8 of 8 |
LAMB2 |
Pierson Syndrome , |
AR |
100 |
129 of 129 |
LGI4 |
Arthrogryposis Multiplex |
AR |
99.86 |
9 of 9 |
LMNA |
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease |
AD,AR |
100 |
619 of 620 |
LMOD3 |
Severe Congenital |
AR |
98.68 |
23 of 26 |
LRP4 |
Cenani-Lenz Syndactyly |
AD,AR |
100 |
32 of 32 |
MAGEL2 |
Prader-Willi |
AD |
99.99 |
43 of 48 |
MED13L |
Mental Retardation And |
AD |
100 |
90 of 92 |
MPZ |
Axonal Type Charcot-Marie- |
AD,AR |
99.98 |
245 of 245 |
MTM1 |
Myotubular Myopathy, |
X,XR,G |
99.98 |
NA of NA |
MUSK |
Fetal Akinesia |
AR |
95.58 |
23 of 25 |
MYBPC1 |
Distal Arthrogryposis |
AD,AR |
100 |
13 of 13 |
MYH2 |
Proximal Myopathy |
AD,AR |
99.98 |
31 of 31 |
MYH3 |
Distal Arthrogryposis, |
AD,AR |
100 |
46 of 47 |
MYH8 |
Carney Complex Variant, |
AD |
100 |
6 of 6 |
MYO9A |
Congenital Myasthenic |
AR |
99.62 |
7 of 7 |
MYOD1 |
Congenital Myopathy With |
AR |
99.97 |
6 of 6 |
MYPN |
Nemaline Myopathy, |
AD,AR |
99.94 |
49 of 49 |
NALCN |
Congenital Contractures |
AD,AR |
99.97 |
69 of 69 |
NEB |
Nemaline Myopathy, |
AR |
86.77 |
304 of 339 |
NEK9 |
Arthrogryposis, Perthes |
AR |
99.98 |
4 of 4 |
NUP88 |
Fetal Akinesia |
AR |
95.82 |
3 of 3 |
PDX1 |
Pancreatic Permanent |
AD,AR |
98.02 |
32 of 36 |
PHGDH |
Neu-Laxova Syndrome, |
AR |
100 |
26 of 26 |
PI4KA |
Polymicrogyria, Perisylvian, |
AR |
99.76 |
4 of 4 |
PIEZO2 |
Distal Arthrogryposis, |
AD,AR |
96.93 |
37 of 37 |
PIGS |
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol |
AR |
100 |
6 of 6 |
PIP5K1C |
Lethal Congenital |
AR |
99.83 |
3 of 3 |
PLAGL1 |
Paternal Uniparental |
– |
95.56 |
2 of 2 |
PLEC |
Epidermolysis Bullosa |
AD,AR |
99.98 |
113 of 113 |
PLOD2 |
Bruck Syndrome |
AR |
99.97 |
29 of 29 |
PLXND1 |
Moebius |
– |
98.44 |
6 of 6 |
PMM2 |
Congenital Disorder |
AR |
100 |
127 of 129 |
PPP3CA |
Arthrogryposis, Cleft Palate, |
AD |
99.98 |
16 of 16 |
PREPL |
Congenital Myasthenic |
AR |
99.92 |
7 of 12 |
PSAT1 |
Neu-Laxova Syndrome, |
AR |
99.95 |
9 of 9 |
PSMB8 |
Proteasome-Associated |
AR |
100 |
11 of 11 |
RAPSN |
Fetal Akinesia Deformation |
AR |
99.98 |
59 of 61 |
RARS2 |
Pontocerebellar |
AR |
99.98 |
39 of 40 |
REV3L |
Moebius |
|
99.08 |
7 of 7 |
RFT1 |
Congenital Disorder |
AR |
99.98 |
18 of 18 |
RIPK4 |
Popliteal Pterygium |
AR |
99.98 |
16 of 16 |
RYR1 |
Central Core Disease |
AD,AR |
97.63 |
733 of 746 |
SCN4A |
Congenital Myasthenic |
AD,AR |
99.77 |
136 of 142 |
SCO2 |
Autosomal Recessive |
AD,AR |
100 |
38 of 38 |
SELENON |
Congoenital Myopathy |
AD,AR |
89 |
NA of NA |
SHPK |
Isolated Sedoheptulokinase |
– |
99.96 |
2 of 2 |
SLC18A3 |
Congenital Myasthenic |
AR |
99.97 |
5 of 5 |
SLC25A1 |
Congenital Myasthenic |
AR |
90 |
23 of 25 |
SLC35A3 |
Arthrogryposis, Mental |
AR |
99.94 |
5 of 5 |
SLC5A7 |
Congenital Myasthenic |
AD,AR |
99.92 |
21 of 21 |
SLC6A9 |
Glycine Encephalopathy |
AR |
99.99 |
5 of 5 |
SLC9A6 |
Christianson |
X,XD,G |
98.87 |
NA of NA |
SMN1 |
Spinal Muscular |
AR |
5.2 |
17 of 91 |
SMN2 |
Spinal Muscular |
AR |
7.6 |
0 of 3 |
SNAP25 |
Congenital Myasthenic |
AD |
100 |
6 of 6 |
SOX10 |
Peripheral Demyelinating |
AD |
99.74 |
139 of 147 |
STAC3 |
Native American |
AR |
99.98 |
5 of 5 |
STAT3 |
Multisystem Autoimmune |
AD |
100 |
171 of 171 |
STIM1 |
Immune Dysfunction |
AD,AR |
100 |
28 of 28 |
SYNE1 |
Arthrogryposis Multiplex |
AD,AR |
99.99 |
193 of 193 |
SYT2 |
Congenital Myasthenic |
AD |
99.98 |
4 of 4 |
TBCD |
Progressive Encephalopathy, |
AR |
94.89 |
28 of 28 |
TGFB3 |
Loeys-Dietz Syndrome, |
AD |
100 |
34 of 35 |
TK2 |
External Ophthalmoplegia |
AR |
97.08 |
64 of 65 |
TNNI2 |
Distal Arthrogryposis |
AD |
100 |
11 of 11 |
TNNT1 |
Nemaline |
AR |
89.94 |
7 of 8 |
TNNT3 |
Distal Arthrogryposis |
AD |
99.98 |
5 of 5 |
TPM2 |
Distal Arthrogryposis, |
AD,AR |
100 |
41 of 41 |
TPM3 |
Congenital Myopathy |
AD,AR |
100 |
27 of 27 |
TRIP4 |
Congenital Muscular |
AR |
99.92 |
3 of 3 |
TRPV4 |
Brachyrachia, Familial |
AD |
100 |
88 of 88 |
TSEN2 |
Pontocerebellar |
AR |
95.47 |
4 of 5 |
TSEN54 |
Fatal Infantile |
AR |
96.94 |
20 of 22 |
UBA1 |
Infantile-Onset X- |
X,XR,G |
99.58 |
NA of NA |
VAMP1 |
Spastic Ataxia, |
AD,AR |
99.51 |
8 of 8 |
VIPAS39 |
Arthrogryposis, |
AR |
100 |
15 of 15 |
VPS33B |
Arthrogryposis, |
AR |
100 |
62 of 62 |
VRK1 |
Pontocerebellar |
AR |
99.64 |
15 of 15 |
YY1 |
Gabriele-de Vries |
AD |
99.89 |
13 of 13 |
ZBTB42 |
Lethal Congenital |
AR |
99.81 |
1 of 1 |
ZC4H2 |
Wieacker-Wolff |
X,XR,XD,G |
99.69 |
NA of NA |
ZFP57 |
Transient Neonatal |
AD |
100 |
15 of 15 |
ZMPSTE24 |
Mandibuloacral |
AR |
100 |
35 of 36 |
ZNF335 |
Primary Autosomal |
AR |
99.83 |
20 of 20 |
ZNHIT3 |
Peho |
AR |
73.96 |
1 of 1 |
* Herança: AD: Autossômico Dominante; AR: Recessivo autossômico; X: X vinculado; XLR: Recessivo vinculado a X; Mi: mitocondrial; Mu: Multifatorial; G: Herança gonossômica; D: Herança Digenic
Referencias
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Bamshad, M., Van Heest, A. E., & Pleasure, D. (2009). Arthrogryposis: A review and update. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 91(Supplement_4), 40-46. doi:10.2106/jbjs.i.00281
Ravenscroft, G., Clayton, J. S., Faiz, F., Sivadorai, P., Milnes, D., Cincotta, R., Moon, P., Kamien, B., Edwards, M., Delatycki, M., Lamont, P. J., Chan, S. H., Colley, A., Ma, A., Collins, F., Hennington, L., Zhao, T., McGillivray, G., Ghedia, S., Chao, K., … Davis, M. R. (2020). Neurogenetic fetal akinesia and arthrogryposis: genetics, expanding genotype-phenotypes and functional genomics. Journal of medical genetics, jmedgenet-2020-106901. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-106901
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Rodríguez Cruz, P. M., Palace, J., & Beeson, D. (2018). The Neuromuscular Junction and Wide Heterogeneity of Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(6), 1677. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19061677
Finsterer J. (2019). Congenital myasthenic syndromes. Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 14(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-019-1025-5
Engel A. G. (2018). Genetic basis and phenotypic features of congenital myasthenic syndromes. Handbook of clinical neurology, 148, 565–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64076-5.00037-5
Engel A. G. (2018). Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes in 2018. Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 18(8), 46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-018-0852-4
Abicht, A., Müller, J., S, & Lochmüller, H. (2003). Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes. In M. P. Adam (Eds.) et. al., GeneReviews®. University of Washington, Seattle.
Hall, J. G. (2014). Arthrogryposis (multiple congenital contractures): Diagnostic approach to etiology, classification, genetics, and general principles. European Journal of Medical Genetics, 57(8), 464-472. doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.03.008